Breast cancer screening aims to find cancer early, often before symptoms appear, when treatment is simpler and more effective. Screening includes breast self-awareness, clinical breast examination by a doctor and mammography. The right schedule depends on age, family history and personal risk factors.
Breast Self-Awareness
Rather than strict monthly routines, experts encourage knowing what is normal for you.
How to check
- Look in a mirror for changes in shape, size or skin
- Raise your arms and check for dimpling or puckering
- Feel each breast and armpit with flat fingers in circles
- Check while lying down and standing
- Look for nipple changes or discharge
Changes to report
- New lump or thickening
- Skin dimpling or redness
- Nipple turning inward
- Bloody discharge
- Swelling or lump in the armpit
- Persistent pain in one area
Clinical Breast Examination
A doctor or trained health worker examines the breasts and armpits. This can be part of routine health check-ups.
Mammogram
A low-dose X-ray of the breasts that can detect tumours too small to feel.
When to start
Many guidelines suggest starting between 40 and 50 for average-risk women, with intervals of one to two years. Your doctor can help you decide based on your risk.
What to expect
- Each breast is gently compressed for a few seconds
- It may feel uncomfortable but is brief
- Avoid deodorant or powder on the day
Ultrasound and MRI
- Ultrasound: often used for younger women, dense breasts or to evaluate a lump
- MRI: used for high-risk women along with mammograms
Who Needs Earlier Screening?
- Close relatives with breast or ovarian cancer
- Known BRCA1, BRCA2 or other gene mutations
- Previous chest radiation at a young age
- Personal history of breast cancer or certain benign conditions
Key Takeaways
- Screening finds cancer early.
- Know your normal and report changes.
- Mammograms are key from around 40 to 50.
- High-risk women may need earlier screening.
- Ultrasound and MRI support screening in some cases.
Final Thoughts
Screening is one of the most powerful ways to protect your health. Talk to your doctor about the schedule that fits your risk. For breast cancer evaluation, you can consult Dr. Varadharajan, a surgical oncologist in Chennai.
