Colorectal cancer is often thought of as a disease of older adults, but cases in people under 50 have been increasing in many countries. Young adults are more likely to dismiss symptoms as piles, stress or stomach upset, which can delay diagnosis. Recognising warning signs and getting checked early can make a big difference.
Why Is It Increasing in Young People?
The exact reasons are not fully known. Possible contributors include:
- Diets high in processed and red meat
- Low fibre intake
- Obesity
- Physical inactivity
- Sugary drinks
- Changes in gut bacteria
- Smoking and alcohol
Genetics also play a role in some cases.
Warning Signs
- Blood in stool or rectal bleeding
- Change in bowel habits, such as diarrhoea, constipation or narrower stools
- Abdominal pain or cramping
- Feeling that the bowel does not empty fully
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue or breathlessness from anaemia
- Iron deficiency without clear cause
Who Is at Higher Risk?
- Family history of colorectal cancer or polyps
- Inherited conditions like Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis
- Inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease
- Obesity and sedentary lifestyle
Why Is Diagnosis Delayed?
- Symptoms are blamed on piles or diet
- Young people may avoid doctors
- Doctors may not suspect cancer in younger patients
- Embarrassment about bowel symptoms
How Is It Diagnosed?
- Physical examination including rectal exam
- Blood tests for anaemia
- Colonoscopy with biopsy
- CT scan to check spread if cancer is found
Is Treatment Different?
Treatment is based on stage, similar to older patients. It may include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. Young patients may also need genetic testing and fertility counselling before treatment.
How to Lower Risk
- Eat more fibre, vegetables, fruits and whole grains
- Limit processed and red meat
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Stay active
- Avoid smoking and limit alcohol
- Know your family history
Key Takeaways
- Colorectal cancer is rising in under-50s.
- Rectal bleeding and bowel changes need attention.
- Symptoms are often wrongly blamed on piles.
- Family history increases risk.
- Early evaluation leads to better outcomes.
Final Thoughts
Being young does not rule out colorectal cancer. Listening to your body and seeking help early is the best protection. For colorectal assessment, you can consult Dr. Varadharajan, a surgical oncologist in Chennai.
